"dwingen" meaning in Middle Dutch

See dwingen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch *thwingan Etymology templates: {{dercat|dum|gmw-pro|gem-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|dum|odt|*thwingan}} Old Dutch *thwingan Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} dwingen, {{dum-verb}} dwingen Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|dwing|dwang|dwong|gedwongen|class=3}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dwingen [error-unrecognized-form, infinitive], dwingens [genitive, infinitive], dwingene [dative, infinitive], dwinge [first-person, indicative, present, singular], dwanc [first-person, indicative, past, singular], dwinge [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], dwonge [first-person, past, singular, subjunctive], dwincs [indicative, present, second-person, singular], dwinges [indicative, present, second-person, singular], dwoncs [indicative, past, second-person, singular], dwonges [indicative, past, second-person, singular], dwincs [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], dwinges [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], dwonges [past, second-person, singular, subjunctive], dwinct [indicative, present, singular, third-person], dwinget [indicative, present, singular, third-person], dwanc [indicative, past, singular, third-person], dwinge [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], dwonge [past, singular, subjunctive, third-person], dwingen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], dwongen [first-person, indicative, past, plural], dwingen [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], dwongen [first-person, past, plural, subjunctive], dwinct [indicative, plural, present, second-person], dwinget [indicative, plural, present, second-person], dwonct [indicative, past, plural, second-person], dwonget [indicative, past, plural, second-person], dwinct [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], dwinget [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], dwonget [past, plural, second-person, subjunctive], dwingen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], dwongen [indicative, past, plural, third-person], dwingen [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], dwongen [past, plural, subjunctive, third-person], dwinc [imperative, indicative, present, singular], dwinge [imperative, indicative, present, singular], dwinct [imperative, indicative, plural, present], dwinget [imperative, indicative, plural, present], dwingende [imperative, participle, present], gedwongen [imperative, participle, past]
  1. to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch
    Sense id: en-dwingen-dum-verb-kXeCcRIc
  2. to hurt, to torment
    Sense id: en-dwingen-dum-verb-V3anbKCH
  3. to pressure (mentally)
    Sense id: en-dwingen-dum-verb-8rWJgOag
  4. to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control
    Sense id: en-dwingen-dum-verb-owUN7Zq3 Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 42 2 2 3 2 2 41 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 4 6 25 3 5 4 4 3 43 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 4 28 2 3 3 3 2 50 2
  5. to force, to compel
    Sense id: en-dwingen-dum-verb-XOM4PPsy
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dwingen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dwingen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dwingen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "dwinge"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: dwinge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: dwinge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*thwingan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *thwingan",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwanc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwincs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwoncs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwincs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwanc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gedwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dwingen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dwingen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dwing",
        "2": "dwang",
        "3": "dwong",
        "4": "gedwongen",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch"
      ],
      "id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-kXeCcRIc",
      "links": [
        [
          "press",
          "press"
        ],
        [
          "squeeze",
          "squeeze"
        ],
        [
          "pinch",
          "pinch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to hurt, to torment"
      ],
      "id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-V3anbKCH",
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to pressure (mentally)"
      ],
      "id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-8rWJgOag",
      "links": [
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 42 2 2 3 2 2 41 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 6 25 3 5 4 4 3 43 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 4 28 2 3 3 3 2 50 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control"
      ],
      "id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-owUN7Zq3",
      "links": [
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ],
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to force, to compel"
      ],
      "id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-XOM4PPsy",
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dwingen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "dwingen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: dwingen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: dwingen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "dwinge"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: dwinge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: dwinge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*thwingan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *thwingan",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwanc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwincs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwoncs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwincs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonges",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwanc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwonget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinge",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwinget",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dwingende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gedwongen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dwingen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dwingen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dwing",
        "2": "dwang",
        "3": "dwong",
        "4": "gedwongen",
        "class": "3"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "press",
          "press"
        ],
        [
          "squeeze",
          "squeeze"
        ],
        [
          "pinch",
          "pinch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to hurt, to torment"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to pressure (mentally)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ],
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to force, to compel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dwingen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dwingen meaning in Middle Dutch (6.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dwingen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
  "path": [
    "dwingen"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "dwingen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.